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Brief introduction to potassium fluoroborate products

2026-01-21

Potassium fluoroborate is an important inorganic compound. Here is its detailed introduction:

Basic Information
- Chemical Formula: KBF₄
- English Name: Potassium tetrafluoroborate or Potassium fluoroborate
- CAS No.: 14075-53-7
- Molecular Weight: 125.90
- Alternative Names: Potassium borofluoride; Tetrafluoroborate potassium salt
Physical and Chemical Properties
- Appearance: White powder or gelatinous crystals.
- Density: Approximately 2.50 g/cm³ (at 25℃).
- Melting Point: 530℃.
- Solubility: Slightly soluble in water (solubility is 0.4g/100mL at 20℃), sparingly soluble in hot ethanol, and insoluble in cold ethanol and alkaline solutions.
Chemical Properties
- Stability: Stable at room temperature, but incompatible with metals. It can be decomposed by strong acids such as sulfuric acid to produce boron trifluoride. When fused with alkali metal carbonates, it generates fluorides and borates.
- Complexation: The tetrafluoroborate ion has a tetrahedral structure and can form complexes with various metal ions.
Preparation Methods
- Potassium Hydroxide-Fluoroboric Acid Method: Put hydrofluoric acid and boric acid into a reactor at a weight ratio of 25:6.2. Keep the temperature below 40℃ and react for 6 hours to prepare fluoroboric acid. Then transfer the fluoroboric acid to a neutralization tank, and neutralize it with 5mol/L potassium hydroxide under stirring and cooling until methyl orange changes color. The precipitated potassium fluoroborate crystals are centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain the finished product of potassium fluoroborate.
- Potassium Carbonate-Neutralization of Fluoroboric Acid Method: In a plastic-coated container, neutralize fluoroboric acid with saturated potassium carbonate solution under stirring until methyl orange changes color. The precipitated potassium fluoroborate is centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain the finished product of potassium fluoroborate.
Applications
- Metallurgical Industry: Served as a raw material for boron-containing alloys, it is used in the casting of aluminum-magnesium alloys to improve alloy performance. It acts as a flux in thermal welding and brazing to remove metal slag, such as in the welding of silver, gold, and stainless steel.
- Electrochemical Engineering: Used as a component of electrolytes for low-chromic anhydride chromium plating and lead-tin alloy electroplating to optimize the quality of electroplated coatings. It can also be used as an analytical reagent.
- Material Processing: Applied as an abrasive in thermosetting resin grinding wheels or a filler in heavy-duty grinding wheels to enhance wear resistance. It also functions as an etchant for texture etching of aluminum alloys and etching of titanium and silicon wafers.
- Other Fields: Can be used as a lubricating oil additive; lubricating oil containing potassium fluoroborate has excellent lubricating, anti-friction, and anti-wear properties. It is used as a catalyst or solvent in organic synthesis. In textile printing and dyeing, it acts as a resin finishing agent to improve fabric performance.
Safety Information
- Potassium fluoroborate decomposes to produce toxic boron trifluoride gas when heated above its melting point. In the atmosphere, it hydrolyzes rapidly due to the action of water vapor, generating white fumes, which are irritating to the skin, eyes, and especially the lungs.
- Its hazard transportation code is UN 3260. It is a hazardous substance with corrosivity. It should be stored in a cool, dry warehouse with sealed packaging to prevent package damage.

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